BOTANY REVIEW QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 5, STERN, 8^TH EDITION

1. Which of the following is a specialized root?

a. rhizome b. sweet potato c. corm d. tuber e. bulb

2. The perception of gravity by a root takes place in:

a. root hairs b. the region of elongation c. apical meristem d. region of maturation e. root cap

3. Mycorrhizae are roots that are associated with:

a. bacteria b. algae c. fungi d. mycorrhizobium e. nematodes

4. A root system may function in which of the following?

a. anchorage and storage d. production of new roots

b. growth e. all of the above are correct

c. absorption and conduction

5. In traversing the root to the central xylem vessels, the last living tissues that water passes through before entering the

xylem is the:

a. endodermis b. pericycle c. cortex d. phloem e. epidermis

6. Which of the following is a part of the embryo of a seed?

a. root hairs b. radicle c. fibrous roots d. taproot e. adventitious roots

7. Specialized roots that permit plants growing in water to facilitate gas exchange are called:

a. velamen roots b. water-storage roots c. buttress roots d. pneumatophores e. prop roots

8. Which of the following in/are absent in Dicots?

a. xylem b. phloem c. epidermis d. cortex e. nodes

9. Roots that have fungi symbiotically associated with them are called:

a. mycorrhizae b. root nodules c. haustoria d. propagative roots e. taproots

10. Cells of the apical meristem:

a. have large vacuoles d. are generally cuboidal in shape

b. divide at a fairly steady rate e. have no nucleus

c. have little to do with the root cap

11. The tissue adjacent to the endodermis toward the center of a root is the:

a. cortex b. pith c. pericycle d. xylem e. phloem

12. Which of the following cells is relatively thin-walled?

a. stone cells b. fibers c. tracheids d. vessel elements e. passage cells

13. Which of the following tissues is common in roots but not in stems?

a. endodermis b. parenchyma c. cortex d. epidermis e. pith

14. Parts of the pericycle and parenchyma between the arms of xylem and patches of phloem in young roots of many dicots

and conifers becomes:

a. cork cambium b. endodermis c. cortex d. vascular cambium e. Casparian strips

15. The most abundant cell type in periderm is:

a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. cork d. vessel elements e. ray initials

16. When trees undergo root grafting with one another, an unfortunate result can be:

a. strangling of one tree by another d. fewer leaves on the trees

b. disease spreads to healthy trees e. the development of thinner bark

c. insufficient food for all the trees

17. In addition to anchoring a plant, roots usually function directly in which of the following processes?

a. photosynthesis d. absorption of minerals in solution

b. production of new leaves e. all of these answers are correct

c. production of bud scales

18. The perception of gravity by roots is aided by:

a. amyloplasts d. chromoplasts

b. chloroplasts e. gravoplasts

c. leucoplasts

19. Root hairs are prominent in the:

a. root cap d. root axils

b. apical meristem e. region of maturation

` c. region of elongation

20. Rhythmic cell division in young roots often:

a. occur about once a week d. result in a given root growing several meters

b. reach a peak once or twice a day a day

c. peak several times during a 24-hour period e. do not occur in monocots

21. Cells of an endodermis that do not have Casparian strips are:

a. sieve-tube elements d. collenchyma

b. fibers e. passage cells

c. tracheids

22. The tissue in which a cork cambium first develops in woody Dicot roots is the:

a. pericycle d. primary phloem

b. endodermis e. cortex

c. primary xylem

23. Buds that develop on roots are referred to as:

a. axillary d. adventitious

b. terminal e. pseudobuds

c. intrusive

24. The root-like projections of parasitic plants that develop along their stems and penetrate the host plants’ tissues are

called:

a. parenchyma b. mycorrhizae c. haustoria d. mutualistic e. aerial roots

25. Which of the following spices or flavorings is obtained from roots?

a. sarsaparilla b. angelica c. licorice d. sassafras e. all of these answers are correct

26. Root hairs are found in the region of the root called the:

a. root cap b. apical meristem c. region of elongation d. region of maturation e. endodermis

27. Tissue present in monocot roots but absent in dicot roots:

a. phloem b. epidermis c. cortex d. xylem e. pith

28. Which of the following is a root with a specialized function?

a. rhizome b. sweet potato c. corm d. tuber e. onion

29. This can be found as part of the embryo:

a. root hairs b. fibrous roots c. radicle d. adventitious roots e. primary root

30. To the inside of the endodermis, toward the center of a root is the:

a. cortex b. pericycle c. pith d. xylem e. epidermis

31. Roots differ from stems in:

a. the absence of nodes and internodes

b. never producing leaves

c. having a special covering called the root cap

d. having a pericycle that initiates lateral roots

e. all the above are correct

32. One unique function of the root cap is:

a. the sensing of a gravitational force

b. production of root hairs

c. formation of bud scales

d. production of an ion barrier

e. both “a” and “b” are correct

33. Root hairs:

a. are specialized epidermal cells d. live only one day

b. are covered with a waxy cuticle e. both “a” and “c” are correct

c. increase the surface area for absorption of water

34. Numerous starch grains can be found in this tissue of the root:

a. endodermis b. epidermis c. pericycle d. cortex e. cork

35. A unique feature of the pericycle is:

a. its retention of meristematic potential d. its location next to the epidermis

b. the production of lateral roots e. both “a” and “b” are correct

c. the presence of a Casparian strip

Directions: True (T), False (F) questions

36. A root hair consists of a short row of cells

37. Pith tissue is absent in dicot roots

38. The suberin band called the Casparian strip is confined to the epidermis

39. Branch roots arise from buds in a fashion similar to that of stem branches.

40. When seeds germinate, the part of the embryo that develops into the first root is called a radicle.

41. Outer cells of the root cap secrete mucilage.

42. Haustoria and mycorrhizae are two examples of parasitic roots.

43. Grasses generally produce a diffuse root system.

44. The perception of gravity by a root is aided by chloroplasts.

45. Natural grafting between roots of different trees of the same species is well known.

46. Passage cells are found in the pericycle.

47. In the dicot root, the xylem is formed in discrete patches.

48. Contractile roots are common in woody plants.

49. The sunflower has a diffuse root system.

50. The origin of a secondary root can be found in the pericycle.

Directions: Fill in the blanks

51. The first xylem formed in the zone of maturation in a young root is called _____________________________.

52. The “hypodermic needle-like” structure of dodder is called a _______________________________.

53. Plants that complete their entire life cycle in one growing season are called ___________________________.

54. Some plants like mangrove develop special roots called ____________________________ which rise above the

surface of the water and facilitate gas (oxygen) exchange.

55. The anaerobic conditions of the Legume nodule enable bacterial within the nodule to covert ____________________

to _____________________.

56. The process in question number 55 is called ________________________________

57. The food storage product of the sugar beet is _________________________a however, the majority of flowing plants

produce _________________________b as a storage product.

58. Complete digestion of 57b in our bodies result in __________________________.